Which of the following actions should a nurse include in demonstrating diaphragmatic breathing to a preoperative client?

The action of inhaling slowly and evenly through the nose is crucial in demonstrating diaphragmatic breathing to a preoperative client because it encourages deep, abdominal-based breaths that fully engage the diaphragm. This method promotes optimal lung expansion and efficient oxygen exchange, which is beneficial for relaxation and reducing anxiety prior to surgery.

Inhalation through the nose also helps to filter, warm, and humidify the air, enhancing respiratory function. Diaphragmatic breathing is beneficial in preparing the body for surgery by improving oxygenation, reducing tension, and fostering a sense of calm. This technique contrasts with behaviors such as exhaling quickly through the mouth or taking shallow breaths, which may lead to inadequate ventilation and can contribute to feelings of panic or anxiety. Moreover, breathing rapidly and loudly would be counterproductive, as it could increase stress and reduce relaxation, failing to support the objectives of effective preoperative breathing techniques.